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Here are all the summaries from the Lekarsky obzor journal for citations. Full journal will be available in a few months.

Jozef Holomáň, Ľubica Slobodová: Silymarin, evidence based re-evaluation of a traditional liver disease drug and its use in clinical practice    

SUMMARY
Silymarin (SIL), derived from the plant Silybum marianum (milk thistle), has been used for centuries as a tonic and a detoxificant in liver disease. In the past several decades much research was done centering on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SIL, revealing its antioxidant, antifibrotic and antiinflammatory properties and identifying its vital impact on metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance. Recently the focus of clinical research has shifted on the potential benefits SIL may offers to those suffering from NAFLD and NASH.
Key words: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis hepatocellular carcinoma, antioxidant, antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, insulin resistance.
Lek Obzor (Med Horizon), 2018, 67(12), 408-411

    
Róbert OCHABA, Adriána RAČKOVÁ, Silvia SADECKÁ: Quality of life and health awareness of seniors   

Summary
Background: Several risk factors affect quality of life of seniors: life style, social environment, material security, working activity, health care, social services, accommodation, education, age of retirement, leisure time activities and health.
Group: Research sample was composed from 981 respondents in the age 65 years and more. The median of the group was 72 years. Collection of data was carried out in May and June of 2016.
Methods: Questionnaire method consisted of 93 questions, software program Epi Data 3.1 was used for statistical processing of questionnaires. In this program database for input of found data was created. There was also used software program IBM SPSS 19. For comparing of courts of individual variables in frequency tables chi-squared test was used.
Results: From the aspect of monitored indicator occurrence of ischemic heart disease there were statistically significant differences between men and women at the level of p = 0.039, differences in occurrence of diabetes mellitus on statistical level p = 0.024 and allergies p = 0.003. Women statistically consume far less smoked meat products than man (p = 0.001), they more frequently consume fruits and vegetables than men (p = 0.001). Differences in consumption of beer, wine, distillates and energy drinks are at the same level of 0.001. Smoking in men is significantly on the higher level of p = 0.001 than in women. Men smoke statistically for a longer period than women at the level of p = 0.001. Loneliness and feelings
of sadness are much more frequent in women than in men at the level of p = 0.001 and feelings of inferiority at the level of p = 0.037.
Conclusion: Improvement of quality of life of seniors is due to better level of health care, higher level of health awareness and life style.
Key words: quality of life, health awareness, health, prevention, seniors.
Lek Obzor (Med Horizon), 2018, 67(12), p. 412-418

    
Jozef REŠOVSKÝ, Lucia CHROMÍKOVÁ, Terézia MEDERIOVÁ, Lucia DEMESOVÁ, Róbert OCHABA: Cross-sectional study on the impact of health education in the prevention of alcoholic addiction   

SUMMARY
Background: Consumption of alcohol is still high despite the declining trend. A cross-sectional study on the impact of health education in the prevention of alcoholic addiction was conducted based on the fulfilment of tasks of the National action plan on the problems with alcohol use for 2013 - 2020.
Material and methods: Professionals from the regional public health authorities in Slovak Republic collected data during the months October - November 2015. Questionnaire was used. The study was conducted in 57 districts of the Slovak Republic (72.15 %). Microsoft Office Excel and SPPS for Windows were used for statistical purposes.
Results: The most effective warning sign in relation to reducing alcohol consumption by respondents in general is “Consuming alcoholic beverages during pregnancy can seriously damage the health of the child”. Nearly half of the respondents (44.2 %) said they were most affected by alcohol advertising through television. We can say that a complete family creates protective conditions for alcohol use, while the poor financial situation contributes to increase of alcohol consumption. Good family relationships and relationships with friends help reduce alcohol consumption, while stress is involved in increase of alcohol consumption.
Conclusion: Being aware of the negative effects of alcohol has a positive attitude towards alcohol consumption, consumption of alcohol itself and moderate alcoholic drinking. Enough information increases the chances for attitude and behaviour change in relation to alcohol.
Key words: alcohol, health education, advertisement, information, warning messages.
Lek Obzor (Med Horizon), 2018, 67(12), p. 419-425

    
Oleksandr DOBROVANOV, Karol KRÁLINSKÝ: Sonographic screening of congenital kidney malformations in Slovakia         
SUMMARY
Background: The main goal of ultrasound screening of the urothelial system of newborns is to detect individuals with severe congenital malformations of the kidney, bladder and urinary tract. In Slovakia sonography for all newborn baby is performed on the 2nd to 4th day after birth, Hofmann‘s classification is used to assess the dilation of the hollow system. The aim of the study was to map and update data of the incidence and structure of congenital kidney malfomations in Slovakia, underline the importance of screening and to reveal screening problems based on statistical data collected from neonatal workplaces at which a screening ultrasonic examination of the uropoetic tract is currently performed on all newborns. The last similar study was conducted in 2006 and the data was not updated for 12 years. Changing diagnostic and therapeutic options and prenatal diagnostics bring new issues into the screening strategy.
Patients and methods: We have received statistical data from neonatal workplaces using the survey and the data have been statistically processed at the level of the statistical description; based on collected data, we compared the incidence and structure of congenital malformations of the kidney (mainly the dilation III and IV grades by Hofmann classification) with the statistics from previous years. 38,496 newborns were involved in the research, representing 66.5% of the total population of 57,969 newborns in 2017.
Results: Dilatation of the first grade occurs at 7 %; IInd grade at 0.53 %, IIIrd degree at 0.21 %, IVth grade at 0.1 %. Single-sided agenesis occurs at about 0.1 %. Renal cysts of various aetiologies occur in about 0.05 % of children.
Conclusion: Significant congenital malformations of the uropoetic tract, which require nephrology and urology care, and often urological intervention in infancy, affect about 31 : 10,000 children. The high incidence, the imprecision of capture based on portable diagnostics, history and physical examination, the absence of uro-infection in some forms and the poor prognosis of uropathy are clear arguments for the screening of all newborns in the Slovak Republic.
Key words: incidence, kidney, newborn, obstructive uropathy, screening, Slovakia, sonography.
Lek Obzor (Med Horizon), 2018, 67(12), p. 426-429

Michal LIŠKA, Zuznana LIŠKOVÁ, Matúš PAULINY, Viera LEHOTSKÁ: The role of ultrasound in diagnosing of diaphragmatic dysfunction        
SUMMARY
Controlled mechanical ventilation is one of the most commonly used therapeutic measures used in intensive care. In recent years the attention has focused on the negative effects of controlled mechanical ventilation in relation to the function of the diaphragm. Diaphragmatic dysfunction may lead to prolonged weaning from mechanical ventilation and have a negative effect on patient outcome. Ultrasound is becoming a very valuable tool in the management of critically ill patients. In recent years it establishing itself as a useful tool in monitoring diaphragmatic function and allows for repeated controls with minimal impact on the patient. Ultrasound is increasingly being used as a predictor of successful weaning from ventilation.
Key words: ventilator induced diaphragmatic dysfunction, ultrasound, weaning from mechanical ventilation, non-invasive, critically ill
Lek Obzor (Med Horizon), 2018, 67(12), p. 430-434

Marián BERNADIČ et al.: Professor MUDr. Milan Pavlovič, CSc.